"Using a consultant can be beneficial in security more than in other areas because it gives you that outside perspective and checks and balances," he says.
Third-party verification of security can assure senior managers and others, says Michael Gabriel, CISO at Career Education Corporation, a provider of postsecondary career-oriented education: "There's value to having a certain amount of independence in your security assessments."
Consultants and integrators say their experience gives them a broad view of security their clients appreciate.
"There are a lot of things that are often skipped because people are thinking just inside their world," says Aric Perminter, partner at New York-based Secure Technology Integration Group. "A consultant coming in from the outside who's dealt with multiple clients will bring a much broader perspective and think outside the box."
For John Penrod, CISO of The Weather Channel, security VARs can provide valuable technical expertise with newer technologies. He's relied on Atlanta-based Vigilar for help in recommending wireless intrusion prevention products, Web traffic monitoring and other tools.
"One of the things I'm looking for with them is the ability to run interference when I need it, between me and vendors--to work with four or five vendors, help me determine which is the best product and help me to implement it, if I need," he says.
Emerging technology is an area where Paul Klahn, information security officer at an insurance firm, says he'll turn to a VAR for help. However, he'll only work with a reseller if it can provide value beyond what a vendor can, such as support, implementation or consulting.
As for what not to outsource to a security services firm, there aren't hard and fast rules.
"To me, it's not as much a decision on whether to outsource something or not," says Gabriel. "Outsourcing is more of a business decision. It's about what type of controls you set up when do you it. ...[They've] got to be in measure to the value of the information or the level of risk that you're taking when you do outsourcing."
For example, an organization doing a SOX review might want to go with one of the large, well-known firms. "If you're getting ready to [go] in front of the audit committee or board of directors, they may be looking for a certain type of firm," she says. Other types of projects, such as
a penetration test, might be a good job for a boutique firm that specializes in certain areas.
Sasan Hamidi, CISO at global vacation exchange network operator Interval International, prefers to work with large, reputable firms for security services even if they are a tad more expensive, but goes to small boutiques for help with niche technologies. If there are liability issues as a result of the work done by a consultant or VAR, resolving them can be easier with a large firm compared to a boutique.
"But there are certain cases where we wouldn't have a choice. We'd need a smaller consulting firm because of their expertise," he says.
According to IDC analyst Allan Carey, big names such as IBM, EDS, Deloitte and PricewaterhouseCoopers are leading providers of security services.
Jose Granado, principal in Ernst & Young's security and technology solutions practice, says the benefit his firm offers is the "ability to bridge the gap between technical findings and business risk"--a skill he found lacking among consultants who pitched their services when he worked as a CIO at Stanford Financial Group.
For clients with large-scale projects in multiple locations, large consultants can provide the necessary scalability. Granado says clients still get plenty of attention, but smaller security providers say customers lose the personal touch with large firms.
"The bigger [the firm] the less handholding you'll get," says Robert Koran, vice president of MARK Enterprises, a small VAR in the Los Angeles area that specializes in Check Point Software Technologies implementations and upgrades. "I'm able to give a lot of personal attention to my customers."
Lou Rubbo, CEO of DirSec, a regional VAR based in Colorado that also does a lot of Check Point work in addition to Vericept and other technologies, says an organization should always look first at what it wants to get done rather than choosing a security firm by its size. In IT security, there is a lot of specialization, and many consultants specialize in firewall, single sign-on and other work, he adds.
Other firms specialize in specific verticals such as financial services or health care, offering consulting services tuned to particular regulatory concerns.
But with ebb and flow in the security services market as some firms merge and lots of one- and two-person firms pop up, it's important to look for a track record, says Michael Halperin, vice president of technology at Akibia, an IT infrastructure services firm specializing in security.
"You want a company that you can kick the tires and say, 'This is an organization that's been around a while and will continue to be around,' " he says.
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Click here for a sample list of companies offering consulting and other information security services (PDF).
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Due Diligence
Hiring a firm you haven't worked with can be unnerving, but security managers rely on various measures to vet prospective security consultants and avoid getting burned.
"With penetration tests, you have to be careful about the kind of firm you look at. Lots of people think they can do that type of work," says Rockford's Granneman. "It's the more glamorous portion of security--hack for a living."
One firm he tapped a few years ago simply ran a report off the widely used Nessus vulnerability scanner. But he's heard horror stories of organizations hiring pen testers who stole information or set up Trojans. Or, consultants and vendors will take vulnerability reports straight to management and claim the security group isn't doing a good job.
Integrity is the key characteristic Granneman looks for in a consultant, and he prefers to use ones that he's met personally and gotten to know. Starting a new consultant with a small project is another tactic he's used. Initially a little leery about a small consulting firm, he started it off on a small job--scanning one Web site--before allowing it to do a full network pen test.
Jeff Pentz, associate IT director of University Health Center at the University of Georgia, typically relies on recommendations from colleagues, and he's had good luck with the security firms he's used for vulnerability assessments and product advice.
"The ones that scare me the most are cold calls," Pentz says. "They say they're in security and they'll make you this deal on scanning your environment."
Like Granneman, he's heard stories of pen testers gone bad, so he's very cautious in hiring security firms. He
feels more confident if a company has federal security clearances: "If they have that, you can be pretty certain they're not sharing information with anyone."
Interval's Hamidi also treads carefully before hiring a consultant, starting with references; candidates must have strong references relevant to the work at hand. Then there's the RFP and statement of work to spell out what needs to be done, plus a non-disclosure agreement, even for initial conversations with a potential consultant. Contracts come with detailed service-level agreements. Consultants also must sign a one-page document agreeing to abide by Interval's information security policies.
Once Interval does hire a security consultant or VAR, it assigns a "mentor" to monitor the person and make sure he or she only has access to what is needed for the job. If consultants need access to another department or building on the Interval campus, the mentor shadows them to the other location.
"It's not an exact science, but I think we are doing the best we can do, not only in the selection process but also in ensuring that once they come on board, that we take every precaution to ensure that we're covered from a security perspective," Hamidi says.
References and talking to peers are critical when looking for a security consultant or evaluating small firms, MacLean says: "Reputations spread pretty quickly. ...For such a large industry, it really is small."
Making it Work
Of course, once you engage a security services firm and the work begins, it's important to keep an eye on things and communicate regularly, MacLean says.
Steady communication will head off potential problems rather than waiting until the end of a project, she added.
Make sure the consultant is sticking to timelines, advises Gregory Thomas, vice president of IT at New Jersey-based Managed Healthcare Associates. "You have to manage them, work with them and have someone who is technical enough to understand what they're doing," he says.
Oftentimes, a consultant or integrator that works over time in partnership with an organization to address security problems can be ideal for both sides.
As for Lockton's Robinson, now that he's found not only an efficient but trusted partner, he knows whom he'll call if he needs help with other security projects. The company is trying to raise security awareness of its employees and has already gotten some feedback from FishNet on that front. "I would reach out to them first," he says.