Vulnerability quiz: Bonus question

In order, what are the five general steps of an intrusion?
A. Reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, covering tracks

Steps in attack	Explanation	Examples
Reconnaissance	Intelligence work of obtaining information, either passively or actively.	Passively = Sniffing traffic, eavesdropping Actively = Obtaining data from ARIN and Whois databases, examining Web site HTML code, social engineering
Scanning	Identifying systems that are running and the services that are active on them.	Ping sweeps and port scans
Gaining access	Exploiting identified vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access.	Exploiting a buffer overflow or brute forcing a password and logging onto a system.
Maintaining access	Uploading malicious software to ensure re-entry is possible.	Installing a backdoor on a system.
Covering tracks	Carrying out activities to hide one's malicious activities.	Deleting or modifying data in system and application logs.

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